Efectos de la expansión rápida del maxilar sobre el flujo aéreo nasal en pacientes entre 6 y 14 años de edad, con compresión maxilar, medido a través de un flujómetro nasal portátil / Effects of rapid maxillary expansion on nasal airflow of patients between 6 and 14 years of age, with maxillary compression, measured with a portable nasal flowmeter

El objetivo de nuestro estudio de tipo longitudinal prospectivo simple de medidas repetidas fue determinar la variación del flujo aéreo nasal medido con un flujómetro nasal portátil, en niños entre 6 y 14 años de edad con compresión maxilar, después de la expansión rápida del maxilar (ERM). El trabajo constó de 16 niños diagnosticados con compresión maxilar y a quienes se les indicó una disyunción maxilar rápida. Los valores de la cantidad de expansión fueron registrados y la medición del flujo inspiratorio nasal máximo (FINM) se realizó antes de la ERM (T1), inmediatamente después (T2) y al cabo de 3 meses del período de retención (T3), manteniendo las mismas condiciones iniciales. El valor máximo y el promedio de las mediciones del FINM en T2 fueron significativamente mayores que en T1 (p-valor, 0,0056) y (p-valor 0,0062) respectivamente, mientras que entre T2 y T3 no existieron tales diferencias (p-valor: 0,3021) y (p-valor: 0,3315) respectivamente. Existe un aumento significativo en los valores del FINM inmediatamente después de la expansión rápida del maxilar que se mantienen en un período de tiempo de 3 meses.

The objective of our simple prospective longitudinal type study of repeated measures, was to determine the variation of nasal airflow measured with a portable nasal flow meter, in children between 6 and 14 years of age with maxillary compression, after rapid maxillary expansion (RME). The study consisted of 16 children diagnosed with maxillary compression and those who were identified with a rapid maxillary disjunction. The values of the amount of expansion were recorded and the measurement of the peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) was performed before the ERM (T1), immediately after (T2) and after 3 months of retention period (T3), maintaining the same initial conditions. Results: the value maximum and average measurements of FINM in T2 were greater than in T1 (p-value, 0.0056) and (p-value 0.0062) respectively, while between T2 and T3 there were no differences (p value: 0.3021) and (p value: 0.3315) respectively. There is a significant increase in PNIF values immediately after rapid maxillary expansion that is in a period of 3 months.

Effects of diaphragmatic control on the assessment of sniff nasal inspiratory pressure and maximum relaxation rate

OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of diaphragmatic activation control (diaphC) on Sniff Nasal-Inspiratory Pressure (SNIP) and Maximum Relaxation Rate of inspiratory muscles (MRR) in healthy subjects. METHOD: Twenty subjects (9 male; age: 23 (SD=2.9) years; BMI: 23.8 (SD=3) kg/m2; FEV1/FVC: 0.9 (SD=0.1)] performed 5 sniff maneuvers in two different moments: with or without instruction on diaphC. Before the first maneuver, a brief explanation was given to the subjects on how to perform the sniff test. For sniff test with diaphC, subjects were instructed to perform intense diaphragm activation. The best SNIP and MRR values were used for analysis. MRR was calculated as the ratio of first derivative of pressure over time (dP/dtmax) and were normalized by dividing it by peak pressure (SNIP) from the same maneuver. RESULTS: SNIP values were significantly different in maneuvers with and without diaphC [without diaphC: -100 (SD=27.1) cmH2O/ with diaphC: -72.8 (SD=22.3) cmH2O; p<0.0001], normalized MRR values were not statistically different [without diaphC: -9.7 (SD=2.6); with diaphC: -8.9 (SD=1.5); p=0.19]. Without diaphC, 40% of the sample did not reach the appropriate sniff criteria found in the literature. CONCLUSION: Diaphragmatic control performed during SNIP test influences obtained inspiratory pressure, being lower when diaphC is performed. However, there was no influence on normalized MRR.

Reconstrucción del vestíbulo nasal con colgajo libre de piel / Nasal Vestibule Reconstruction with skin free flap

Existen complicaciones tempranas y tardías derivadas de cualquier procedimiento quirúrgico; la Rinoplastia, no es una excepción a esta regla; existen complicaciones intraoperatorias, en el postoperatorio inmediato, a mediano y a largo plazo, que pueden afectar tanto la parte estética como la funcional. Objetivo: Presentar un reporte de caso donde se evidencian importantes complicaciones de la rinoplastia y describir la técnica quirúrgica empleada para la reconstrucción del vestíbulo nasal, identificando casos parecidos en la literatura. Diseño: Reporte de caso. Materiales y métodos: Se presenta un caso de una paciente de 62 años con estenosis vestibular bilateral y deformidad nasal posterior a dos rinoplastias y una infección postoperatoria, con compromiso funcional y estético. En búsqueda de consejería, esta paciente fue presentada en varios congresos internacionales, sin embargo, no se recomendaba intervención. Adicionalmente se presenta una técnica quirúrgica para reconstrucción del vestíbulo nasal usando un injerto libre de piel. Se presentan fotografías del pre-operatorio, la intervención quirúrgica y los resultados del postoperatorio. Resultados: A la fecha, la paciente se encuentra satisfecha y sin secuelas de la intervención o compromiso funcional. Conclusiones: Nuestra técnica quirúrgica, aparte de mantener el contorno de la narina debido al uso de stent nasal, permite reducir la formación de tejido de cicatrización y la contracción de la herida por parte de los miofibroblastos mediante el injerto libre de piel. Consideramos que esta técnica es reproducible para el manejo de este tipo de complicaciones...

There are early and late complications arising from any surgical procedure; rhinoplasty is not an exception to this rule, there are intraoperative complications in the immediate postoperative period, medium and long term, which can affect both the aesthetic and functional aspects. Objective: To present a case report where some major complications of rhinoplasty are shown and to describe the surgical technique used for nasal vestibule reconstruction, identifying similar cases pubished in the literature. Design: Case report. Material and methods: We present the case of a 62 year old patient with bilateral vestibular stenosis and nasal deformity secondary to two rhinoplasties and a postoperative infection. Seeking counseling, this patient was presented at several international conferences, however, no intervention was recommended. Additionally a surgical technique for reconstruction of the nasal vestibule using a free skin graft. Photographs before, during and after surgery are presented. Results: To date, the patient is satisfied without sequelae from the intervention or functional compromise. Conclusions: Our surgical technique, apart from maintaining the outline of the nostril due to the use of nasal stent, decreases the formation of scar tissue and wound contraction by myofibroblasts by free skin flap. We believe that this technique is reproducible for the management of these complications...

Maxilectomía medial en carcinoma nasosinusal. ¿Cuándo, cómo y por qué? / Medial maxillectomy in sinonasal carcinomas. When, how and why?

Existe controversia respecto al abordaje en el manejo de tumores sinonasales benignos o malignos. Dado que nos encontramos en la era de la cirugía endoscópica mínimamente invasiva, se podría pensar que los abordajes abiertos hoy día no tienen cabida. Sin embargo, la maxilectomía medial por rinotomía lateral ha sido el tratamiento de elección para la mayoría de lesiones que comprometen la pared nasal lateral, y el perfeccionamiento de la técnica ha permitido una disminución considerable de la morbilidad. Este abordaje permite una excelente exposición, la oportunidad de ampliación en caso de encontrar extensión a regiones adyacentes y la remoción en bloque de las neoplasias. Presentamos un paciente masculino de 83 años, con obstrucción nasal unilateral, epistaxis y masa exofítica en la fosa nasal derecha; se realizó estudio imagenológico con tomografía computarizada y resonancia magnética, y diagnóstico histopatológico de carcinoma escamocelular moderadamente diferenciado, T2N0M0. Recibió manejo quirúrgico mediante maxilectomía medial, a través de rinotomía lateral, y se obtuvieron adecuados márgenes de resección. No hubo complicaciones intraquirúrgicas ni posquirúrgicas. Se logró resección completa del tumor, con adecuado resultado funcional y cosmético. En la actualidad el paciente no presenta recidiva tumoral.MEDPOR)...

The surgical approach in the management of benign and malignant sinonasal tumors is controversial. Ever since we are in the endoscopic minimally invasive surgery era, it might exist the perception that open approaches do not have place anymore. However, the lateral rhinotomy and medial maxillectomy have been the treatment of choice for most lesions involving the lateral nasal wall due to its improvement in technique and decreasing morbidity. This approach provides excellent exposure to adjacent regions and allows removal of neoplasms in block. We report 83 years old male with unilateral nasal obstruction, epistaxis, and an exophitic mass in the right nasal cavity. The diagnostic of squamous cellular carcinoma with moderate differentiation, T2N0M0 was made thru tomography, resonance and histopathology studies. The patient was treated with maxillectomy trough lateral rhinotomy with complete tumor resection and negative borders. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. Adequate functional and cosmetic result were achieved. Currently, the patient do not have tumor recurrence...

Medpor en Hipoplasia Nasal: agenesia de tercios superior, medio y septum nasal / Medpor in nasal hypoplasia: Upper, middle third and nasal septum agenesis

El desarrollo de las estructuras faciales está a cargo de células derivadas de la cresta neural, alteraciones en la migración o proliferación celular pueden desencadenar malformaciones nasales. Los defectos nasales son tan antiguos como la humanidad, sin embargo, descripciones anatómicas detalladas de estas malformaciones nasales congénitas y sus reconstrucciones son escasas. La hipoplasia nasal puede definirse como un trastorno en el desarrollo de los huesos y cartílagos nasales, y debe ser diferenciada de la arrinia, la cual consiste en la ausencia de nariz y fosas nasales. Los tejidos autologos son los injertos preferidos para la reconstrucción nasal. El tabique nasal, el cartílago auricular, la calota y el cartílago costal son los más usados; pero, estos recursos son limitados, impredecibles y causan algún grado de morbilidad en el sitio donante. Se presenta el primer caso de ausencia de huesos nasales, septum nasal y cartílagos laterales superiores con cartílagos alares intactos. Adicionalmente se presentan los detalles de la reconstrucción usando aloplasticos de alta densidad (polietileno, MEDPOR)...

Neural crest cells are responsible for the development of facial structures, migration failure, decreased proliferation or increased apoptosis may cause nasal anomalies. Nasal defects have existed as long as man; but, detailed anatomic descriptions of congenital nasal defects are rare, the ones including surgical reconstruction are even fewer. Nasal hypoplasia could be defined as nasal bone and cartilage maldevelopment and must be differentiated from congenital arhinia consisting of an absence of nasal structures and passages. Autogenous tissues have been the gold standard graft material for nasal reconstruction; septum, ear, rib and calvarium are preferred. Here, we report the first case of a non-syndromic absence of nasal bones, upper lateral cartilages and septum, with intact lower lateral cartilages and its reconstruction using high-density polyethylene (Medpor)...

Correlação de três variáveis na descrição da permeabilidade nasal (HD, MCA, escala NOSE) de pacientes saudáveis / Correlation of three variables describing nasal patency (HD, MCA, NOSE score) in healthy subjects

Rinoresistometria e rinometria acústica são dois métodos utilizados na avaliação da função respiratória nasal. Ambos utilizam variáveis diferentes para descrever a permeabilidade nasal: o diâmetro hidráulico, HD, na rinoresistometria; e as áreas mínimas da seção transversal, MCA1 (istmo nasal) e MCA2 (cabeça do corneto inferior e corpo cavernoso do septo nasal), na rinometria acústica. OBJETIVO: Analisar a relação entre HD e MCA em pacientes sem afecções nasais e identificar se tais variáveis objetivas apresentam correlação com a escala NOSE, uma ferramenta validada para avaliar a percepção subjetiva de permeabilidade nasal. MÉTODO: Coleta estruturada dos dados de 24 indivíduos saudáveis sem afecções nasais. RESULTADOS: Correlações estatisticamente significativas de fracas a moderadas foram identificadas entre HD e MCA2 antes do descongestionamento. Foi identificada correlação moderada entre HD, MCA2 e escala NOSE no lado mais estreito. CONCLUSÃO: Na avaliação de permeabilidade nasal, parece ser recomendável determinar HD, MCA1 e MCA2, bem como uma variável subjetiva como a escala NOSE, que não aparentam ser variáveis completamente redundantes. Estudos futuros devem avaliar a correlação destas variáveis em pacientes com afecções nasais.

Rhinoresistometry and acoustic rhinometry are two established apparative methods to objectify the respiratory function of the nose. Both methods use different variables to describe nasal patency: "hydraulic diameter", HD, in rhinoresistometry, and "minimal cross-sectional area", MCA1 (nasal isthmus) and MCA2 (head of the inferior turbinate and cavernous body of the nasal septum), in acoustic rhinometry. OBJECTIVE: This study analyzes the mutual correlation of HD and MCA as a pilot study in patients without nasal pathologies. Additionally, we investigated if these objective variables correlate with the NOSE score, a validated tool to measure subjective perception of nasal patency. METHOD: Planned data collection in a collective of 24 healthy subjects without nasal pathologies. RESULTS: Statistically significant, weak to moderate correlations were found between HD and MCA2 before decongestion. A moderate correlation was found between both HD and MCA2 and the NOSE score on the narrower side. CONCLUSION: In the assessment of nasal patency, it seems advisable to determine HD, MCA1 and MCA2, but also a subjective variable such as the NOSE score, which all seem to be not fully redundant variables. In further studies, the correlation of the variables should be assessed in patients with nasal pathologies.

Evaluación funcional de la vía aérea / Functional asessment of airway

Airway function study includes a variety of tests involving various sub-specialties of medicine and related professions. We describe the methods that assess: 1) upper airway (nose to larynx): rhinomanometry, acoustic rhinometry and nasopharingolaryngoscopy, 2) central airways (trachea and main bronchi): bronchoscopy, imaging study and Flow / Volume curve, 3) distal or peripheral airway: spirometry, bronchodilator response assessment, airway hyper responsiveness and measurement of airway resistance (plethysmography, interrupted resistence and impulse oscillometry).

El estudio de la función de la vía aérea abarca una gran variedad de exámenes que implican a diversas subespecialidades de la medicina y profesiones relacionadas. Se describen los métodos que evalúan: 1) vía aérea superior (nariz hasta laringe): rinomanometría, rinometría acústica y nasofarigolaringoscopía, 2) vía aérea central (tráquea y bronquios mayores): bronconcoscopia, estudio de imágenes y curva flujo/volumen, 3) vía aérea distalo periférica: espirometría, evaluación de respuesta a broncodilatador y de hiperreactividad bronquial y medición de la resistencia de la vía aérea (pletismografía, resistencia interrumpida y oscilometría de impulso).

Relación entre índice facial superior e índice nasal en cráneos Chilenos adultos / Relation between superior facial index and nasal index in Chilean adult crania

La cara es el sello principal de la identidad, lo que nos define como individuos en los contactos interpersonales. Las características métricas aportadas por la craneometría nos permiten caracterizar cráneos y caras por medio de los índices. Se realizó un estudio craneométrico en 32 cráneos de individuos adultos de ambos sexos. En ellos se midieron diámetros faciales y se determinaron sus índices según Bidegain & Carvalho de Mello. La altura facial superior (n-pr) promedio fue de 66,20mm (DE +/- 5,26), con límite máximo de 76,68mm y mínimo de 51,22mm. El ancho facial máximo (zy-zy) promedio fue de 127,05mm (DE +/- 6,85), con límite máximo 139,08mm y mínimo de 112,77mm. El ancho nasal (al-al) promedio fue de 23,99 mm (DE +/-2,81), con límite máximo de un 35,13mm y mínimo de 18,97 mm. La altura nasal (n-ns) promedio fue de 50,97 mm (DE +/- 3,58), con límite máximo de 55,96 mm y mínimo de 39,58mm. El Índice Facial Superior promedio fue de 52,20 (DE +/- 4,54), con límite máximo de 62,29 y mínimo de 43,92 determinando la tendencia meseno en cráneos de género masculino y femenino. El Índice Nasal promedio fue de 47,30 (DE +/- 6,28) con límite máximo de 67,14 y mínimo de 36,23 determinando características leptorrinas tanto en cráneos masculinos como femeninos. Los datos obtenidos permitirán a los profesionales del área salud contar con nuevos antecedentes para estudios antropométricos y antropológicos.

The face is the main symbol of identity which defines us as individuals as well as in the process of interpersonal contacts. Metric characteristics contributed by craniometry allow us to characterize crania and faces by means of indexes. A craniometric study was carried out in 32 crania of adult subjects of both sexes. Facial diameters were measured using indexes according to Bidegain & Carvalho de Mello. Facial height average (n-pr) was 66.20 mm (SD +/- 5.26) with maximum boundary of 76.68 mm and minimum of 51.22 mm. Facial maximum width on average (zy ­ zy) was 127.05 mm. (SD +/- 6.85), with maximum boundary of 139.08 mm and minimum of 112.7 mm. Average Nasal width was 23.99 mm (SD +/- 2.81), with maximum boundary of 35.13 mm and minimum of 18.97mm. Nasal height average (n-ns) was 50.97 mm (SD +/- 3.58) with maximum boundary of 55.96 mm and minimum of 39.58 mm. Facial Superior Index on average was of 52.20 (SD +/- 4.54) with maximum boundary of 62.29 mm and minimum of 43.92 determining the mesorrhine tendency in male and female crania. Nasal average index was 47.30 (SD +/- 6.28) with maximum boundary of 67.14 and minimum of 36.23 thereby determining leptorrhine characteristics in male as well as female crania. The information obtained will afford health care professionals access to new data for anthropometric and anthropological studies.

Immediate effects of right and left nostril breathing on verbal and spatial scores.

The immediate effect of two yoga breathing techniques was assessed on verbal and spatial memory tasks, considered hemisphere-specific. Forty-five participants (24 males; age range 20 to 45 years (mean age 27.1 +/- 8.1 years) were randomly allocated to three groups (n = 15 each) and were assessed immediately before and after 45 minutes of three breathing practices i.e., right nostril yoga breathing, left nostril yoga breathing, or breath awareness as a control intervention. Spatial memory scores increased after left nostril yoga breathing compared to before (by 16 percent, P = 0.03, paired t-test). Hence, breathing through the left nostril increased performance in a spatial cognitive task, corresponding to the cerebral hemisphere contralateral to the patent nostril.

A reprodutibilidade do espelho de Glatzel modificado na aferição da permeabilidade nasal / Modified Glatzel mirror test reproducibility in the evaluation of nasal patency

O espelho de Glatzel (EG) é utilizado para a avaliação da permeabilidade nasal. Estudos de validação inexistem na literatura. Este estudo teve por objetivos verificar a reprodutibilidade do EG e a correlação intra-sujeito entre área de condensação e percepção subjetiva de permeabilidade nasal. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo onde 25 sujeitos foram avaliados com o EG por cinco minutos consecutivos; cada meia hora por quatro horas; cada dia no início da tarde, por cinco dias e toda a quinta-feira por cinco semanas consecutivas. Utilizou-se uma escala analógica visual para avaliar a percepção de respiração nos períodos. RESULTADOS: O coeficiente de correlação total (área direita mais esquerda) encontrado entre área de condensação e percepção subjetiva foi de r=0,04 (p=0,37). No lado esquerdo foi de r=0,08 (p=0,09) e no lado direito de r=0,05 (p=0,28). Os coeficientes de variação unilaterais medianos foram menores que 15 por cento e os totais menores que 12 por cento, independente do intervalo de tempo entre teste e re-teste. CONCLUSÃO: Não se evidenciou correlação significativa entre a percepção subjetiva e a área de condensação. A variabilidade unilateral foi maior do que quando considerados os valores totais (direito mais esquerdo) e não houve diferença na variabilidade das medidas de área de condensação nasal nos diferentes momentos do tempo.

The Glatzel Mirror (GM) is used to evaluate nasal patency. Validation studies are not available in the literature. This paper aims to verify the GM test reproducibility and the correlation between the intra-subject condensation area and nasal patency subjective perception. METHODS: This is a prospective study. 25 subjects were evaluated with the GM for five consecutive minutes, every half an hour for 4 hours; every day, beginning in the early afternoon, every Thursday for five consecutive weeks. A visual analogue scale was used to evaluate nasal patency perception in all periods. RESULTS: The total correlation coefficient (right + left areas) found between the condensation area and the subjective perception was r = 0.04 (p = 0.37). On the left side it was r = 0.08 (p = 0.09) and on the right side r = 0.05 (p = 0.28). The mean unilateral variation coefficient was less than 15 percent and the total was less than 12 percent, regardless of the time period interval between test and re-test. CONCLUSION: We did not observe any significant correlation between the subjective perception of breathing and the condensation area. Unilateral variability was higher than the total (right + left area) and the test variability was the same between the different time periods of measurements.

Clinical study on the use of nozovent in a tertiary care setting

To assess the effectiveness of the Nozovent device in Pakistani subjects at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi and Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore from 15 January 2001 to 15 January 2002. Sixty males and 40 females were selected by non probability purposive sampling, from OPD of ENT Department, complaining of nasal obstruction due to various reasons, e.g. vasomotor rhinitis, allergic rhinitis, congestion during pregnancy and menstruation, common cold, traumatic nose and nasal valve problem. All patients benefited subjectively but the degree of relief varied in individuals. The Nozovent provides a unique method to relieve nasal obstruction with no side effects

Acoustic rhinometric study of the nasal cycle in tracheostomized and laryngectomized patients

This study was performed on 13 postoperative tracheostomized cases, 11 postoperative laryngectomized patients and 10 control subjects. Acoustic rhinometry was used to determine minimum nasal cross- sectional area and nasal cavity volume as indices of nasal patency. Testing was repeated at an interval of 30 minutes over a period of 3-8 hours. The results demonstrated that there was normal cyclical fluctuations in nasal patency after airflow deprivation by tracheostomy and laryngectomy albeit of lower amplitude than normal. Different patterns were recorded with an irregular pattern being the most frequent pointing to crucial role of peripheral receptors on central controlling mechanism. The cycles tended towards normality sometimes after surgery. This interval was longer after laryngectomy compared with only tracheostomy indicating that even minimal airflow through the nose may be enough to stimulate nasal receptors and reestablish a trend towards normality

Función respiratoria y su repercusión estomatognática y orgánica / Respiratory function and its stomatognathic and organic repercussion

La funcionalidad respiratoria es extremadamente importante para el desarrollo del complejo nasomaxilar, además del desarrollo sistémico. Una respiración alterada y, en particular, una respiración de tipo bucal, tiene consecuencias específicas sobre todo el organismo. Estas han sido objeto de estudio en nuestra investigación, que se ha desarrollado con el auxilio de tres diferentes métodos rinomanométricos (rinomanometría anterior activa, rinomanometría posterior activa y rinomanometría posterior bilateral simultánea). Los resultados indican que los respiradores bucales tienen valores de resistencia nasal por encima de la media y que éstas disminuyen después del test dinámico de esfuerzo en los sujetos con patologías obstructivas de las primeras vías aéreas con base vasomotora. Se ha observado que una respiración no fisiológica está asociada a signos típicos (faciales, adenoidea, disturbios digestivos, alteraciones a nivel de columna y tórax) y una mayor susceptibilidad a las infecciones de las vías aéreas altas (amigdalitis, que pueden involucrar al oído medio (otitis) por la proximidad anatómica o llegar más profundamente (neumonías). Sería beneficioso examinar precozmente a los pacientes y someterlos a un plan de tratamiento adecuado que evitaría o haría menos grave la aparición de alteraciones irreversibles

A relaçäo entre a maloclusäo dentária, a respiraçäo bucal e as deformidades esqueléticas / The relationship between the malocclusion, the mouth breathing and skeletal abnormitis

Neste artigo, explicar-se-á a relaçäo existente entrea maloclusäo dentária, a respiraçäo bucal e as deformidades esqueléticas, bem como importantes alteraçöes posturais, faciais e esqueléticas perceptíveis em pacientes que já efetuaram tratamento ortopédico-maxilar ou que se encontram em sua fase final

As funçöes da boca como meta para prevençäo e manutençäo da saúde / The function of the mouth like gols to the prevention and maintenance of the health

O autor procura mostrar que o melhor tratamento odontológico inicia-se no 1§ ato do homem ao nascer - a respiraçäo e o 2§ a amamentaçäo - assim por diante, atéo amadurecimento das funçöes da boca, consequentemente, o equilíbrio facial

Respiraçäo bucal / Mouth breathing

O autor enfocaca as causa e as consequências, assim como o exame físico dos portadores de respiraçäo Bucal, o que, no seu entender, constitui-se numa verdadeira síndrome. Chama a atençäo para a necessidade de uma integraçäo profissional que garanta o atendimento o mais precocemente possível a fim de que näo se instalem os secundarismos (estéticos, posturais, álgicos e os relativos à saúde como um todo). Específica, sucintamente, o trabalho de cada grupo profissional

Infiltraçäo anestésica da fossa ptérigo-maxilar e do nervo nasociliar: aspectos anátomo-fisiológicos / Anesthetic infiltration of the pterigum-maxilla fossa and nasociliar nerve: anatomo-physiological aspects

Säo discutidos os aspectos anatômicos da fossa ptérigo-maxilar e do nervo nasociliar, cujas infiltraçöes anestésicas säo atos simples, rápidos, eficazes e seguros em vários procedimentos odontológicos e otorrinolaringológicos, possibilitando a realizaçäo de cirurgias nasossinusais bem menos sangrantes com a utilizaçäo de doses bem menores de anestésicos gerais, em virtude da aboliçäo dos estímulos álgicos e consequente näo liberaçäo de catecolaminas

Cefalometría radiológica del tamaño nasal según método del prof. Dr. J.J. Ramírez para evaluación del pérfil blando / Radiological cephalometry of the nasal size by proffesor MD J.J. Ramírez method for soft profile evaluation

Se hizó un estudio cefalométrico en 147 individuos de ambos sexos, ortognatas clase I de Angle, seleccionados aleatoriamente y divididos en tres niveles etarios. Se obtuvieron telerradiografías laterales de cara en las cuales nosotros medimos tamaño nasal anteroposterior, relación labial anteroposterior al plano estético de Risketts. También determinamos grupo sanguíneo como antecedente racial. Estos datos correlacionados con el coeficiente de Pearson y tratados con el test de significancia estadística T de Student. Nosotros no encontramos significativa correlación entre grupo sanguíneo, tamaño nasal ni relación labial anteroposterior con el plano estético de Risketts. Nosotros encontramos relación entre patrones de crecimiento anteroposterior del labio superior e inferior. Nosotros determinamos promedios de tamaño nasal en tres niveles etarios en población chilena joven. También nosotros determinamos promedios de incremento de tamaño nasal en los tres niveles etarios